PRIMEROS AUXILIOS 1ºD
Educación Física
2022/2023
ÍNDICE:
1.Principios básicos sobre los primeros auxilios.
Information on the subject
Why is it important for you to learn about first aid?
2.Protocolo P.A.S.
Information on the subject.
3.Actuación ante heridas.
¿Qué es una hemorragia?
¿Cómo debemos actuar ante una herida o corte durante la práctica deportiva?
¿Qué es la epistaxis? Escribe los pasos para tratarla.
4.Actuación ante sujeto inconsciente.
¿Qué no debemos hacer ante un paciente inconsciente?
¿Qué es el 112?
5.Posición lateral de seguridad.
Information on the subject.
6.Reanimación cardiopulmonar.
Information on the subject.
7.Obstrucción de la vía aérea por cuerpo extraño (OVACE).Information on the subject.
1.PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS SOBRE LOS PRIMEROS AUXILIOS.
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive. First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training. Mental health first aid is an extension of the concept of first aid to cover mental health, while psychological first aid is used as early treatment of people who are at risk for developing PTSD. Conflict First Aid, focused on preservation and recovery of an individual's social or relationship well-being, is being piloted in Canada.
There are many situations that may require first aid, and many countries have legislation, regulation, or guidance, which specifies a minimum level of first aid provision in certain circumstances.
1.- You check the victim for consciousness.
2.- If no resonse call 911 immediately.
3.- If the adult is lying on their stomach turm them overinto their back.
4.- You check for breathing and signs of life.
5.- no breathing or signs of life begin CPR:
* You position of one hand on the center of theadult's chest place your other hand on top with yourelbows locked an arns straight lean over the adult's chestand compress the chest two inches in depth thirty times.
* After 30 compressions give breaths get breasts bytilting the head back lifting the chin and pinching the noseplace your mouth over theirs and give two slow gentlebreaths just enough to make their chest rise continue with30 compressions and two breths.
6- Continue CPR until you see signs of life another recuertakes over or help.
Why is it important for you to learn about first aid?
Because that way I know what to do if I find someone who is unconscious.
2.Protocolo P.A.S.
Experts point out that a high percentage of road deaths occur in the first five minutes after the accident. Witnessing an accident can cause stress, but your attitude is key to reducing the time spent attending victims.
The PAS protocol responds to the acronym of three words: Protect, Warn and Help. With this training, each of the guidelines is presented and much needed basic advice and instructions are given in order to reduce the number of deaths on the asphalt.
PROTECT-ALERT-HELP
PROTECT
- Protect ourselves by placing the car in a safe place and putting on a reflective vest before getting out of thecar so that other vehicles can see us. - Protect the scene by removing the key from theignition of the damaged vehicles and marking theplace with the danger warning triangles so that theycan see us.
ALERT
With the information we have collected we will notify theemergency services 112.
HELP
We will care for the injured while the emergency servicesarrive, reassuring them and talking to them.
Noticia: Varios soldados salvan de morir electrocutado a un niño de 12 años que había pisado un cable
El Ejército mexicano salva la vida a un niño que estaba siendo electrocutado por un cable de la luz en Sinaloa. A través de un vídeo publicado en su cuenta de Twitter se puede ver a los militares rescatando al menor.
Los hechos ocurrieron el pasado 23 de octubre en Teacapán, municipio Escuinapa del estado de Sinaloa, tras el paso del huracán Roslyn. Los militares estaban haciendo un recorrido para evaluar los daños cuando se encontraron con la escena: un niño de 12 años estaba siendo electrocutado en un charco de agua tras haber pisado un cable que se desprendió de un poste de luz.
En el vídeo, que ya se ha hecho viral, se escucha a los militares gritar que todavía está vivo y pedir un palo seco para proceder a salvar la vida del menor.
Los militares le practicaron primeros auxilios al niño para comprobar su estado de salud.
Este incidente ha sido consecuencia del paso del huracán Roslyn por el estado de Sinaloa, donde todavía se sigue evaluando la situación.
3. ACTUACIÓN ANTE HERDIDAS
¿Qué es una hemorragia?
Una hemorragia es la salida o derrame de sangre dentro y/o fuera del organismo como consecuencia de la rotura de uno o varios vasos sanguíneos.
¿Cómo debemos actuar ante una herida o corte durante la práctica deportiva?
Se debe lavar el área del corte y cubrirlo con una venda esterilizada. En caso de hemorragia, se debe sentar o tumbar al herido y realizar una leve presión sobre la herida con un vendaje para detenerla.
¿Qué es la epistaxis? Escribe los pasos para tratarla.
La epistaxis es la hemorragia procedente de los vasos que irrigan las fosas nasales y constituye la patología otorrinolaringológica más frecuente por la que los pacientes acuden a urgencias.
1.Comprimir sobre alas de la nariz, contra el tabique.
2. Mantener la presión unos 10 minutos.
3. Inclinar la cabeza hacia delante.
4. No sonarse la nariz hasta pasado un tiempo de detenerse la hemorragia. 5. Si la hemorragia no se detiene, introducir una gasa empapada en agua oxigenada o Epixtasol®, taponando la fosa sangrante en su totalidad. 6. Si no cesa, conseguir ayuda médica.
4. ACTUACIÓN ANTE SUJETO INOCENTE
¿Qué no debemos hacer ante un paciente inconsciente?
No se debe darle comida y bebida, no lo podemos dejar solo, no ponerle una almohada debajo de la cabeza, no meterle nada por la boca y no echarle un cubo de agua.
¿Qué es el 112?
El 112 es el teléfono único de emergencias para toda Europa al que todos los ciudadanos deben llamar ante cualquier situación de urgencia o emergencia, siendo atendido durante las 24 horas y los 365 días del año.
Noticia: Encuentran a una persona inconsciente una playa de Cádiz capital
Los hechos se han producido sobre las 14,45 horas cuando el teléfono 112 ha atendido un aviso de la Empresa Pública de Emergencias Sanitarias
Una persona inconciente ha sido hallada a mediodía de este miércoles en la playa de Santa María del Mar en Cádiz, según ha informado fuentes de la Policía Nacional.
Los hechos se han producido sobre las 14,45 horas cuando el teléfono 112 ha atendido un aviso de la Empresa Pública de Emergencias Sanitarias (EPES) que informaba del hallazgo de un cuerpo en la playa con síntomas de ahogamiento.
Hasta el lugar se han desplazado también agentes de la Policía Local de Cádiz
y del Cuerpo Nacional de Policía.
Explain the steps or list them in your words.
Unconscious means that he does not answer if we call him by shouting and that he does not move, the patient seems asleep. Check if he responds and if he is conscious by calling him in a loud voice. Lay him on his back with arms and legs extended and loosen tight clothing around the neck.
<As soon as you see that he seems unconscious, call 112.
< Extend her head by supporting her forehead and tilting her chin up to open her mouth. Remove any foreign body from the mouth to prevent choking.
<If unconscious but breathing, turn patient to lateral position. In this way you will prevent choking if you vomit and will prevent "swallowing the tongue" that is, the tongue prevents the passage of air (it is not necessary to take the pulse, if you breathe, you have a pulse). Keep the patient warm and do not leave
5.POSICION LATERAL DE SEGURIDAD
In first aid, the recovery position (also called semi-prone) is one of a series of variations on a lateral recumbent or three-quarters prone position of the body, often used for unconscious but breathing casualties.
An unconscious person, a person who is assessed on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at eight or below, in a supine position (on the back) may not be able to maintain an open airway as a conscious person would. This can lead to an obstruction of the airway, restricting the flow of air and preventing gaseous exchange, which then causes hypoxia, which is life-threatening. Thousands of fatalities occur every year in casualties where the cause of unconsciousness was not fatal, but where airway obstruction caused the patient to suffocate. This is especially true for unconscious pregnant women; once turned on to their left side, pressure is relieved on the inferior vena cava, and venous return is not restricted. The cause of unconsciousness can be any reason from trauma to intoxication from alcohol.
It is not necessarily used by health care professionals, as they may have access to more advanced airway management techniques, such as tracheal intubation.
1.- kneel next to them on the floor remove their glassesand any bulky objects in their pockets.
2.- Take the arm nearest to you and place it out at a rightangle to the body with the palm facing upwards.
3.- Take the other arm and bring it across the chest and place the back of the hand against your cheek nearest toyou and hold it there.
4.- With your other hand lift their far knee up until the footis flat on the floor.
5.- While keeping the casualty's hand pressed against theircheek, pull the far leg
and carefully roll the casualty towards you and onto theirside, adjust the top leg so that it is at a right angle.
6.- Tilt the casualty's head back so that the airway remainsopen.
6.REANIMACIÓN CARDIOPULMONAR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest. It is recommended for those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example, agonal respirations.[1]
CPR involves chest compressions for adults between 5 cm (2.0 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in) deep and at a rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute.[2] The rescuer may also provide artificial ventilation by either exhaling air into the subject's mouth or nose (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) or using a device that pushes air into the subject's lungs (mechanical ventilation). Current recommendations place emphasis on early and high-quality chest compressions over artificial ventilation; a simplified CPR method involving only chest compressions is recommended for untrained rescuers.[3] With children, however, 2015 American Heart Association guidelines indicate that doing only compressions may actually result in worse outcomes, because such problems in children normally arise from respiratory issues rather than from cardiac ones, given their young age. Chest compression to breathing ratios is set at 30 to 2 in adults.
- First, look around carefully to make sure the area issafe for yourself and others before approaching.
- Shake them gently by the shoulders and ask themloudly “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help, as anyassistance will be helpful. - Gently tilt the head back like this, to open up theairway.
- Look, Listen and Feel for signs of normal breathing: LOOK for normal chest movements, LISTEN for normal breathingsounds and try to FEEL their breath against your faceno more than 10 seconds.
- If there is no sign of breathing, or if they are breathingin an unusual, noisy way, we
need to start CPR.
- First, make sure that an ambulance is on its way.
- We push down hard and fast on Chest compressionsthe chest. - Start by placing one hand at the centre of the person’schest and interlock your fingers.
- With arms straightened, press down hard (the chestneeds to go down by about 5 centimetres) and fast(around 2 times every second), letting the chest come back up fully each time.
- If you have been trained, you can give 2 ‘rescuebreaths’ after every 30 compressions
- If someone else is with you, swap over if you begin tofeel tired, and don’t stop until either a health professional takes over, or theperson is definitely breathing normally.
Noticia:
Agentes de la Policía salvan a un bebé que no respiraba mediante una reanimación cardiopulmonar
El pequeño había sufrido una parada respiratoria y fue trasladado por sus padres a la comisaría más cercana, donde los agentes pudieron salvarle la vida mediante la maniobra de reanimación cardiopulmonar.
Según han informado varias fuentes de la Jefatura Superior de la Policía de Madrid, el suceso se produjo alrededor de la medianoche en la puerta de la Comisaría de Villa de Vallecas, en Madrid, cuando apareció un coche a toda velocidad en el que viajaba un padre con su bebé que no respiraba y solicitaba auxilio de los agentes para que salvara la vida del pequeño.
Los policías que se encontraban de guardia en la comisaría tenían que asegurarse de que el bebé, de un año y medio, había entrado en parada, más tarde, procedieron a practicarle maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar que permitieron la recuperación del niño.
Estoy en un supermercado, y un hombre que está cogiendo un paquete de arroz, se cae al suelo. Me acerco a él para ayudarle y veo que esta inconsciente, le doy unos golpecitos en el hombro y le pregunto si se encuentra bien. El hombre no responde y le digo a mi amiga, que viene conmigo q llame al 112.
Coloco al hombre de espalda sobre el suelo y la cabeza tirando del mentol. El hombre no respira bien por lo que comienzo la CRP. Hago 30 compresiones toraxicas en el centro del pecho seguidamente dos insuflaciones, por la boca con la nariz tapada, hasta que llega los servicios de emergencia.
7.OBSTRUCCION DE LA VÍA AÉREA POR CUERPO EXTAÑO (OVACE)
Drowning is a type of suffocation induced by the submersion of the mouth and nose in a liquid. Most instances of fatal drowning occur alone or in situations where others present are either unaware of the victim's situation or unable to offer assistance. After successful resuscitation, drowning victims may experience breathing problems, vomiting, confusion, or unconsciousness. Occasionally, victims may not begin experiencing these symptoms until several hours after they are rescued. An incident of drowning can also cause further complications for victims due to low body temperature, aspiration of vomit, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (respiratory failure from lung inflammation).
Drowning is more likely to happen when spending extended periods of time near large bodies of water. Risk factors for drowning include alcohol use, drug use, epilepsy, minimal swim training or a complete lack of training, and, in the case of children, a lack of supervision. Common drowning locations include natural and man-made bodies of water, bathtubs, and swimming pools.
Drowning occurs when a person spends too much time with their nose and mouth submerged in a liquid to the point of being unable to breathe. If this is not followed by an exit to the surface, low oxygen levels and excess carbon dioxide in the blood trigger a neurological state of breathing emergency, which results in increased physical distress and occasional contractions of the vocal folds. Significant amounts of water usually only enter the lungs later in the process.
ADULT
- Your first action should be to calm and reassure thecasualty and encourage them to cough
- You should stand behind the casualty them slightlyforward supporting their upper chest with either onehand or your arm across their chest and give sharpback blows between their shoulder blades these back blows should be attempted on five occasions checkthe mouth and remove any obstruction.
- If your back blows were unsuccessful then you shouldattempt to give five abdominal thrusts again stand behind the casualty and place both arms around themleaning the
casualty forward place one fist just below thebreastbone and cup the fist with the other hand.
- Then pull sharply inwards and upwards to try and force the obstruction out again you should make fiveattempts with abdominal thrusts to remove theobstruction.
- If this is unsuccessful you should repeat the cycle of back blows and abdominal thrusts and if after threecycles the obstruction has not cleared you should thencall 112.
BEBÉ
- With a choking baby you should hold the baby in a similar position as a recovery position by supportingthe baby with their head pointing downwards as withan adult or child you should first attempt five back blows if this is not successful turn the baby over and attempt five chest thrusts if this is also unsuccessfulyou should repeat the
cycle of five back blows and five chest thrusts and once again if the object or obstruction has notbecome clear after three cycles then call theemergency services.
Noticia
'Auxilio respiratorio: no morir atragantado', hoy entrega con Diario de León La obstrucción vía aérea por cuerpo extraño (ovace) es una preocupación
sanitaria creciente, sobre todo entre personas mayores y población infantil. Con el fin de ofrecer información a la población leonesa, el ciclo formativo de Emergencias Sanitarias del IES Giner de los Ríos, con apoyo del Fondo Social Europeo, ha diseñado el programa ‘Auxilio respiratorio: no morir atragantado’.
Dos carteles de 48x31 centímetros que Diario de León distribuye de forma gratuita hoy con cada ejemplar ofrecen las pautas precisas para actuar para actuar ante un atragantamiento, uno para las personas adultas y otro para niños y niñas.
«Hemos creado el slogan: ‘Por una ciudad anti-ovace’», explica Javier Rosa, profesor de Emergencias Sanitarias que junto con el alumnado del Giner de los Ríos ha diseñado los carteles.
El profesor recuerda que en algunas ciudades, como Buenos Aires, es obligatorio poner cartelería que informe sobre cómo actuar ante un atragantamiento y anima a la población leonesa a que se implique «por una ciudad anti-ovace».
Estamos cenando, y de pronto mi madre se atraganta. Me dice que le ha cogido por mal camino, me voy a su lado y le digo que tosa. Me dice que no puede, le doy unos golpecitos en la espalda y le digo que tosa. Comienza a toser y expulsa un trozo de comida.
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